Soybean cultivar 942220611985

ABSTRACT

A novel soybean cultivar, designated 942220611985, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 942220611985, to the plants of soybean 942220611985 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 942220611985 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 942220611985 with another soybean cultivar.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean cultivar,designated 944222061185. There are numerous steps in the development ofany novel, desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with theanalysis and definition of problems and weaknesses of the currentgermplasm, the establishment of program goals, and the definition ofspecific breeding objectives. The next step is selection of germplasmthat possess the traits to meet the program goals. The goal is tocombine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traitsfrom the parental germplasm. These important traits may include higherseed yield, resistance to diseases and insects, better stems and roots,tolerance to drought and heat, and better agronomic quality.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, purelinecultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location will be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection should be based onmean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.

The complexity of inheritance influences choice of the breeding method.Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a few favorable genes fora highly heritable trait into a desirable cultivar. This approach hasbeen used extensively for breeding disease-resistant cultivars. Variousrecurrent selection techniques are used to improve quantitativelyinherited traits controlled by numerous genes. The use of recurrentselection in self-pollinating crops depends on the ease of pollination,the frequency of successful hybrids from each pollination, and thenumber of hybrid offspring from each successful cross.

Each breeding program should include a periodic, objective evaluation ofthe efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation criteria varydepending on the goal and objectives, but should include gain fromselection per year based on comparisons to an appropriate standard,overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of successfulcultivars produced per unit of input (e.g., per year, per dollarexpended, etc.).

Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and compared toappropriate standards in environments representative of the commercialtarget area(s) for three or more years. The best lines are candidatesfor new commercial cultivars; those still deficient in a few traits maybe used as parents to produce new populations for further selection.

These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing anddistribution, usually take from eight to 12 years from the time thefirst cross is made. Therefore, development of new cultivars is atime-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficientuse of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.

A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that aregenetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic valueis masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors.One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performancerelative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standardcultivar. If a single observation is inconclusive, replicatedobservations provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.

The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superiorsoybean cultivars and hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crossestwo or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and selection,producing many new genetic combinations. The breeder can theoreticallygenerate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing,selfing and mutations. The breeder has no direct control at the cellularlevel. Therefore, two breeders will never develop the same line, or evenvery similar lines, having the same soybean traits.

Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to thenext generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and differentgeographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections arethen made, during and at the end of the growing season. The cultivarswhich are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is becausethe breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no controlat the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and withmillions of different possible genetic combinations being generated. Abreeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resultinglines he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion.The same breeder cannot produce the same cultivar twice by using theexact same original parents and the same selection techniques. Thisunpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of researchmonies to develop superior new soybean cultivars.

The development of new soybean cultivars requires the development andselection of soybean varieties, the crossing of these varieties andselection of superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced bymanual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using malesterility systems. These hybrids are selected for certain single genetraits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicideresistance which indicate that the seed is truly a hybrid. Additionaldata on parental lines, as well as the phenotype of the hybrid,influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the specifichybrid cross.

Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used todevelop cultivars from breeding populations. Breeding programs combinedesirable traits from two or more cultivars or various broad-basedsources into breeding pools from which cultivars are developed byselfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new cultivars areevaluated to determine which have commercial potential.

Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement ofself-pollinating crops. Two parents which possess favorable,complementary traits are crossed to produce an F₁. An F₂ population isproduced by selfing one or several F₁ 's. Selection of the bestindividuals may begin in the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃,the best individuals in the best families are selected. Replicatedtesting of families can begin in the F₄ generation to improve theeffectiveness of selection for traits with low heritability. At anadvanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F₆ and F₇), the best lines ormixtures of phenotypically similar lines are tested for potentialrelease as new cultivars.

Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve populations ofeither self- or cross-pollinating crops. A genetically variablepopulation of heterozygous individuals is either identified or createdby intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selectedbased on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellentcombining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a newpopulation in which further cycles of selection are continued.

Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a simplyinherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivaror inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait tobe transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant isexpected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar)and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent. After theinitial cross, individuals possessing the phenotype of the donor parentare selected and repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrentparent. The resulting plant is expected to have the attributes of therecurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desirable trait transferredfrom the donor parent.

The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to plantinga segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, andusing the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When thepopulation has been advanced from the F₂ to the desired level ofinbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace todifferent F₂ individuals. The number of plants in a population declineseach generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plantsto produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F₂ plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed.

In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one ormore pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together toform a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation andpart is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modifiedsingle-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.

The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. Itis considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove oneseed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seedprocedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of apopulation each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested tomake up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.

Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used fordifferent traits and crops can be found in one of several referencebooks (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr,1987).

Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level ofsuperiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition toshowing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cultivarthat is compatible with industry standards or which creates a newmarket. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional coststo the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer; for specialadvertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial productionpractices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release ofa new cultivar should take into consideration research and developmentcosts as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. Forseed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easilyand economically. Soybean, Glycine max (L), is an important and valuablefield crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to developstable, high yielding soybean cultivars that are agronomically sound.The reasons for this goal are obviously to maximize the amount of grainproduced on the land used and to supply food for both animals andhumans. To accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must select anddevelop soybean plants that have the traits that result in superiorcultivars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean cultivar,designated 942220611985. This invention thus relates to the seeds ofsoybean cultivar 942220611985, to the plants of soybean 942220611985 andto methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing thesoybean 942220611985 with itself or another soybean line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Maturity Date. Plants are considered mature when 95% of the pods havereached their mature color. The number of days are either calculatedfrom September 1 or from the planting date.

Seed Yield (Bushels/Acre). The yield in bushels/acre is the actual yieldof the grain at harvest.

Lodging Resistance. Lodging is rated on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1indicates erect plants. A score of 2.5 indicates plants are leaning at a45° angle in relation to the ground and a score of 5 indicates plantsare laying on the ground.

Phytophthora Tolerance. Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot is rated on ascale of 1 to 5, with a score of 1 being the best or highest toleranceranging down to a score of 5 which indicates the plants have notolerance to Phytophthora.

Emergence. This score indicates the ability of the seed to emerge whenplanted 3" deep in sand and with a controlled temperature of 25° C. Thenumber of plants that emerge each day are counted. Based on this data,each genotype is given a 1 to 5 score based on its rate of emergence andpercent of emergence. A score of 1 indicates an excellent rate andpercent of emergence, an intermediate score of 2.5 indicates averageratings and a 5 score indicates a very poor rate and percent ofemergence.

Iron-Deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 5 based on visualobservations. A score of 1 means no stunting of the plants or yellowingof the leaves and a score of 5 indicates the plants are dead or dyingcaused by iron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 2.5 means plants haveintermediate health with some leaf yellowing.

Brown Stem Rot. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 5 comparing allgenotypes in a given test. The score is based on leaf symptoms ofyellowing and necrosis caused by brown stem rot. A score of 1 indicatesno symptoms. Visual scores range to a score of 5 which indicates severesymptoms of leaf yellowing and necrosis.

Shattering. The amount of pod dehiscence prior to harvest. Poddehiscence involves seeds falling from the pods to the soil. This is avisual score from 1 to 5 comparing all genotypes within a given test. Ascore of 1 means pods have not opened and no seeds have fallen out. Ascore of 2.5 indicates approximately 50% of the pods have opened, withseeds falling to the ground and a score of 5 indicates 100% of the podsare opened.

Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of soil to top node ofthe plant and is measured in inches.

Seed Protein Peroxidase Activity. Seed protein peroxidase activity isdefined as a chemical taxonomic technique to separate cultivars based onthe presence or absence of the peroxidase enzyme in the seed coat. Thereare two types of soybean cultivars, those having high peroxidaseactivity (dark red color) and those having low peroxidase activity (nocolor).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Soybean cultivar 942220611985 has superior characteristics and wasdeveloped from the cross P9041×A1900/3×A23296×40-3-2. F₁ and F₂ plantswere advanced by a modified pedigree selection. F₃ derived F₄ lines wereselected in 1995. In 1996 F₃ derived F₅ plants of 942220611985 wereentered in a yield test at 4 locations in the upper Midwest where itplaced seventh of 50 entries. In 1997, F₃ derived F₆ was entered in ayield test at 7 locations in the upper Midwest, where it placed 15^(th)of 32 entries.

942220611985 is a late maturity group 0 variety with very high yieldpotential and resistance to Roundup™ herbicide. 942220611985 hassuperior yields compared to lines of similar maturity and has excellentagronomic characteristics, including excellent lodging resistance.942220611985 is well adapted to the late maturity Group 0 growing areasof the corn belt, including Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin andMichigan.

Some of the criteria used to select in various generations include: seedyield, lodging resistance, emergence, disease tolerance, maturity, lateseason plant intactness, plant height and shattering resistance.

The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability for the traits, asdescribed in the following variety description information. It has beenself-pollinated a sufficient number of generations with carefulattention to uniformity of plant type. The line has been increased withcontinued observation for uniformity.

Soybean cultivar 942220611985 has the following morphologic and othercharacteristics (based primarily on data collected at Redwood Falls,Minn.).

VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION

1. Seed Shape: Spherical Flattened (LNV ratio>1.2; L/T ratio=<1.2)

2. Hilum Color: (Mature Seed)--Brown

3. Flower Color: Purple

4. Pod Color: Brown

5. Seed Coat Luster: Dull

6. Leaflet Shape: Ovate

7. Plant Pubescence Color: Tawny

8. Plant Habit: Indeterminate

9. Maturity Group: 0

10. Disease Reaction:

Phytophthora Rot (Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae):

    ______________________________________                                        Race 1              Resistant                                                   Race 2 Resistant                                                              Race 10 Resistant                                                             Race 11 Resistant                                                             Race 13 Resistant                                                             Race 14 Resistant                                                             Race 15 Resistant                                                             Race 16 Resistant                                                             Race 17 Resistant                                                             Race 18 Resistant                                                             Race 24 Resistant                                                           ______________________________________                                    

11. Physiological Responses:

Roundup™ Herbicide: Resistant

12. Plant Lodging Score: 2.4

This invention is also directed to methods for producing a soybean plantby crossing a first parent soybean plant with a second parent soybeanplant, wherein the first or second soybean plant is the soybean plantfrom the line 942220611985. Further, both first and second parentsoybean plants may be from the cultivar 942220611985. Therefore, anymethods using the cultivar 942220611985 are part of this invention:selfing, backcrosses, hybrid breeding, and crosses to populations. Anyplants produced using cultivar 942220611985 as a parent are within thescope of this invention. As used herein, the term "plant" includes plantcells, plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from whichsoybean plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plantcells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen,flowers, seeds, pods, leaves, stems, and the like. Thus, another aspectof this invention is to provide for cells which upon growth anddifferentiation produce the cultivar 942220611985.

The cultivar 942220611985 is similar to A1900. While similar to A 1900,there are numerous differences including: 942220611985 is resistant tothe Roundup™ herbicides and A1900 does not contain this gene.

TABLES

In Tables 1 and 2 that follow, the traits and characteristics of soybeancultivar 942220611985 are compared to several competing varieties ofcommercial soybeans of similar maturity. In the tables, column 1 showsthe yield in bushels/acre for the instant invention and the CompetitorVariety. Column 2 indicates the days to maturity after September 1 forthe instant invention and the Competitor Variety. Column 3 shows theplant height in inches for the instant invention and the CompetitorVariety. Column 4 indicates the plant lodging for the instant inventionand the Competitor Variety. Column 5 shows the general appearance ratingscores for the instant invention and the Competitor Variety. Lodging andGeneral Appearance Rating scores are rated 1=Best and 5=Worst.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        1997 AGRONOMIC DATA                                                                       BU/A     MAT    HGT    LDG  GR                                    ______________________________________                                        Overal Mean 44.89    20.40  31.60  1.60 2.30                                    Number of Locations 7 5 3 3 3                                                 942220611985 45.44 20.20 33.70 2.40 2.80                                      PG2088se 54.04 21.10 30.90 1.40 2.20                                          Asgrow A1553 52.51 22.30 31.80 1.70 1.80                                      Asgrow A0868 52.00 19.90 31.60 1.60 1.70                                      Stine ST0653 47.52 19.80 29.90 1.20 1.60                                      Pioneer P9071 46.44 16.50 31.70 1.80 2.40                                     Northrup King S09-95 45.03 19.60 32.70 1.90 2.40                              Can Entry 4 RR 44.16 26.10 32.40 1.70 3.10                                    Asgrow A0949 43.89 21.50 33.20 1.90 2.60                                      OAC Bayfield 42.40 15.70 29.90 1.10 2.60                                      Pioneer P9092 42.19 17.80 31.30 1.10 1.80                                   ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        1996 AGRONOMIC DATA                                                                       BU/A     MAT    HGT    LDG  GR                                    ______________________________________                                        Overall Mean                                                                              47.73    12.10  32.30  1.10 1.80                                    Number of Locations 4 4 3 3 3                                                 942220611985 51.41 9.00 35.70 1.70 2.30                                       Asgrow AI1353 57.81 16.00 31.00 1.00 1.00                                     Northrup King S09-95 51.04 9.00 32.30 1.00 1.70                               Asgrow A0868 48.36 9.00 28.70 1.00 2.00                                       Asgrow A0949 45.20 9.00 32.30 1.30 1.70                                     ______________________________________                                    

In Tables 3A and 3B that follow, the traits and characteristics ofsoybean cultivar 942220611985 are compared to several competingvarieties of commercial soybeans of similar maturity. Eachcharacteristic also indicates the number of locations which comprise thefigures given. In these tables, column 1 shows the Competitor Variety.Columns 2 and 3 indicate the number of tests and years of testing.Columns 4, 5 and 6 indicate the yield in bushels/acre for the instantinvention, the Competitor Variety identified in column 1 and thedifference, respectively. Columns 8 and 9 indicate the days to maturityfor the instant invention and Competitor Variety, respectively. Columns12 and 13 show the plant lodging score of the instant invention andCompetitor Variety. Columns 15 and 16 show the plant height in inchesfor the instant invention and the Competitor Variety respectively.Columns 18 and 19 show the general rating scores for the instantinvention and the Competitor Variety, respectively. Lodging and GeneralRating scores are rated 1=Best and 5=Worst.

                                      TABLE 3A                                    __________________________________________________________________________    HEAD TO HEAD COMPARISONS OF 942220611985                                        LISTED BELOW AS '1985 - ALL YEARS - ALL LOCATIONS                                            '1985                                                                            Other    '1985                                                                              Other                                            Yield Yield   Maturity Maturity                                            Other Variety or Hybrid Loc. Years Bu/A Bu/A Diff Loc >9/1 >9/1             __________________________________________________________________________    Asgrow AP0868                                                                            9  1  46.8                                                                             52.1                                                                             -5.3                                                                             6  14.8 15.1                                          Asgrow AP0868IP 7 1 45.4 42.7 2.7 5 20.2 20.5                                 Asgrow A0949 9 1 46.8 44.2 2.5 7 16.5 17.5                                    Asgrow AGA09703 7 1 45.4 42.0 3.4 5 20.2 21.4                                 Asgrow A1553 7 1 45.4 52.5 -7.1 5 20.2 22.3                                   Asgrow AI1275 7 1 45.4 50.0 -4.6 5 20.2 20.4                                  Pioneer 9071 7 1 45.4 46.4 -1.0 5 20.2 16.5                                   Pioneer 9092 7 1 45.4 42.2 3.3 5 20.2 17.8                                    Stine 0653 7 1 45.4 47.5 -2.1 5 20.2 19.8                                     Northrup King S09-95 9 1 46.8 46.9 -0.2 7 16.5 15.6                           First Line Bayfield 7 1 45.4 42.4 3.0 5 20.2 15.7                           __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3B                                    __________________________________________________________________________    CONTINUATION OF TABLE A                                                                     '1985                                                                             Other  '1985                                                                             Other  '1985                                                                             Other                                     Lodge Lodge  Plt Hgt Plt Hgt  Gen Rtg Gen Rtg                               Other Variety or Hybrid Loc. (1-9) (1-9) Loc. inches inches Loc. (1-9)                                              (1-9)                                 __________________________________________________________________________    Asgrow AP0868                                                                            3  2.5 1.7 3  34.3                                                                              32.2                                                                              3  2.8 1.8                                     Asgrow AP0868IP 3 2.4 1.6 3 33.7 30.8 3 2.8 2.2                               Asgrow A0949 3 2.5 2.0 3 34.3 33.7 3 2.8 2.6                                  Asgrow AGA09703 3 2.4 1.7 3 33.7 32.9 3 2.8 2.4                               Asgrow A1553 3 2.4 1.7 3 33.7 31.8 3 2.8 1.8                                  Asgrow AI1275 3 2.4 1.6 3 33.7 32.5 3 2.8 1.7                                 Pioneer 9071 3 2.4 1.8 3 33.7 31.7 3 2.8 2.4                                  Pioneer 9092 3 2.4 1.1 3 33.7 31.3 3 2.8 1.8                                  Stine 0653 3 2.4 1.2 3 33.7 29.9 3 2.8 1.6                                    Northrup King S09-95 3 2.5 2.0 3 34.3 33.2 3 2.8 2.4                          First Line Bayfield 3 2.4 1.1 3 33.7 29.9 3 2.8 2.6                         __________________________________________________________________________

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the Asgrow Seed Company soybean cultivar 942220611985disclosed above and recited in the appended claims has been made withthe American Type Culture Collection (ATTC), 10801 University Boulevard,Manassas, Va. 20110. The date of deposit was August 6, 1999. The depositof 2,500 seeds were taken from the same deposit maintained by AsgrowSeed Company since prior to the filing date of this application. Allrestrictions upon the deposit have been removed, and the deposit isintended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809. TheATCC acession number is PTA-462. The deposit will be maintained in thedepository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request,or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and willbe replaced as necessary during that period.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity andunderstanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modificationsmay be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only bythe scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A soybean seed designated 942220611985 and havingATCC Accession No. PTA-462.
 2. A plant or its parts produced by growingthe seed of claim
 1. 3. Pollen of the plant of claim
 2. 4. An ovule ofthe plant of claim
 2. 5. A soybean plant having all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the soybean plant of claim
 2. 6.Tissue culture of the seed of claim
 1. 7. A soybean plant regeneratedfrom the tissue culture of claim 6 wherein the regenerated soybean planthas all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of aplant grown from a soybean seed designated
 942220611985. 8. Tissueculture of the plant of claim
 2. 9. A soybean plant regenerated from thetissue culture of claim 8 wherein the regenerated soybean plant has allof the physiological and morphological characteristics of a plant grownfrom a soybean seed designated
 942220611985. 10. A method for producinga hybrid soybean seed comprising crossing a first parent soybean plantwith a second parent soybean plant and harvesting the resultant hybridsoybean seed, wherein said first or second parent soybean plant is thesoybean plant of claim
 2. 11. A hybrid seed produced by the method ofclaim
 10. 12. A hybrid plant or its parts produced by growing saidhybrid soybean seed of claim
 11. 13. Seed produced from said hybridplant of claim 12.